For years, psychologists believed that self-control—the ability to stick to and ultimately achieve long-term goals—worked like a muscle. Success was about whether you had enough willpower to achieve your goals. However, recent large-scale studies have mostly discredited this idea.
The Old Theory: Self-Control as a Muscle
The muscle theory of self-control argues that people have a limited ability to exert control over their own behavior. When you use your self-control (for example, by forcing yourself to go for a run or choosing a healthy meal), you tire yourself out. Then, when you are in this tired state (called “ego-depletion” by psychologists), you are more likely to give in to temptations.
This theory of self-control implies that success depends on strength of willpower (and strength of character). Succeeding in your resolutions requires being (or becoming) “strong.” At the same time, there’s also an implied judgment of those who fail to stick to their resolutions.
The New Perspective: Self-Control and Situational Awareness
New research suggests that keeping our resolutions depends more on the situations we choose to put ourselves in. Successful self-control is more about putting yourself in situations where it’s easy to avoid temptation.
This shift in perspective is crucial for athletes, coaches, and parents alike. It’s not about “muscling through” temptations or difficult situations. Instead, it’s about creating an environment that supports your goals and reduces the likelihood of encountering temptations.
Conclusion
Understanding this new perspective on self-control can be a game-changer for elite youth and amateur athletes. It’s not about being “strong” or “weak”—it’s about being smart and strategic with the situations you put yourself in. This approach can lead to more sustainable success and a healthier relationship with self-control.
References: Evans, T. (2024). Psychologists Were Wrong About the Science of Self Control. Psychology Today.